Force-chain buckling in granular media: a structural mechanics perspective.

Parallels are drawn between the response of a discrete strut on a linear elastic foundation and force-chain buckling in a constrained granular medium. Both systems buckle initially into periodic shapes, with wavelengths that depend on relative resistances to lateral displacement, and curvature in the buckled shape. Under increasing end shortening, the classical structural model evolves to a localized form extending over a finite number of contributing links. By analogy, it is conjectured that the granular model of force-chain buckling might follow much the same evolutionary route into a shear band.